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3D model of a shell with a single layer of reciprocal frames.

Reciprocal Frames / Systems

Apps Kangaroo Physics
References Reciprocal Systems
Reciprocal frames using pipes
Reciprocal frame
Reciprocal Frame Architecture (English Edition)
Biomimicry in Architecture

They are self-supporting three-dimensional structures whose shape varies according to the number of beams and the location in which they support each other. These are structures found in nature, such as bird nests. It is difficult to precisely trace their historical origin. However, Leonardo da Vinci's self-supporting bridges are a classic example of reciprocal structures.